How Are Yurts Constructed: A Comprehensive Guide

Yurts have been used for centuries as a traditional dwelling by nomadic tribes in Central Asia, particularly in Mongolia. These circular structures are designed to be portable, easy to assemble, and durable enough to withstand harsh weather conditions. Today, yurts are still used as homes, but they have also become popular as camping shelters, vacation homes, and even as offices.

Yurts are typically constructed using a lattice wall made of wooden poles, which are bound together with ropes or leather straps. The poles are then covered with a waterproof fabric such as canvas or felt, which is held in place with ropes or straps. The roof of the yurt is usually made of a series of wooden poles that are bent and fastened together to form a circular frame, which is then covered with the same waterproof fabric as the walls. The roof is then capped with a central crown, which is held in place by tension from the roof poles.

Traditional yurts were designed to be easily disassembled and transported by pack animals such as horses or camels. Modern yurts, on the other hand, are often designed to be more permanent structures, and can be constructed on a fixed foundation. Despite this difference, the basic construction of a modern yurt is similar to that of a traditional yurt, with a lattice wall and a circular roof frame. Overall, yurts are a versatile and unique housing option that offer a blend of traditional and modern design elements.

Yurt Design and Materials

Historical Significance and Evolution

Yurts are traditional portable dwellings that have been used by nomadic tribes for thousands of years. The Scythians, who lived in the Eurasian Steppe, are credited with being the first to use yurts. The design evolved over time and was refined by the Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan. The ger, as it is known in Mongolia, became an integral part of their culture and is still used today. Its portability and ease of assembly made it ideal for their nomadic lifestyle.

Structural Components

The yurt’s design consists of a wooden frame with lattice walls and a roof made of poles. A compression ring holds the roof poles in place, and a door frame provides an entryway. The wooden frame is covered with felt, canvas, or other materials for insulation and weather protection. The yurt’s circular shape provides stability and strength, making it suitable for harsh weather conditions.

Materials Used

Traditional yurts were constructed using materials readily available in the area, such as wood, animal hides, and wool felt. Modern materials such as canvas and synthetic fabrics are also used. The lattice walls and roof poles are made of wood, and the compression ring is made of metal or wood. Felt, canvas, or other materials are used to cover the wooden frame for insulation and weather protection. The use of natural materials such as wool felt provides excellent insulation and helps regulate temperature inside the yurt.

 

In summary, yurts have a rich history and have evolved over time to become an efficient and practical portable dwelling. The design consists of a wooden frame with lattice walls and a roof made of poles, with a compression ring holding the roof poles in place. Traditional materials such as wood, animal hides, and wool felt are still used, but modern materials such as canvas and synthetic fabrics have also become popular. The circular shape of the yurt provides stability and strength, making it suitable for harsh weather conditions.

Construction and Setup

Yurts are relatively easy to construct and set up, making them a popular choice for those looking for a unique and sustainable living space. The construction process typically involves three main stages: foundation and framing, covering and insulating, and final touches.

Foundation and Framing

The foundation of a yurt typically consists of a circular deck made of wooden poles. The lattice wall is then erected on top of this deck, with wooden poles placed vertically around the perimeter of the deck and secured to the lattice wall. Rafters are then attached to the top of the lattice wall and converge at a central compression ring, which supports the roof.

Covering and Insulating

Once the framing is complete, the yurt is covered with a felt cover and insulated with a layer of roof insulation. The felt cover is typically made from sheep’s wool or synthetic materials, and is secured to the lattice wall using ropes or lashing. The roof insulation helps to keep the yurt warm in colder months, and can be made from a variety of materials including wool, recycled denim, or fiberglass.

Windows and doors can be added to the yurt as desired, and a chimney can be installed to provide heat and ventilation. Insulating the floor of the yurt is also important to prevent heat loss and maintain a comfortable living space.

Final Touches

Once the yurt is constructed and insulated, the final touches can be added. This may include furniture, such as beds, tables, and chairs, as well as decorative elements like embroidery or artwork. The yurt can then be personalized to the owner’s taste and used as a permanent or temporary living space.

Overall, constructing and setting up a yurt can be a rewarding and fulfilling experience. With proper planning and attention to detail, a yurt can provide a unique and sustainable living space for years to come.

Frequently Asked Questions

What materials are required for constructing a traditional yurt?

The materials required for constructing a traditional yurt include wooden poles, felt, and canvas. The wooden poles are used to create the frame of the yurt, while the felt and canvas are used to cover the frame. The felt is typically made from sheep’s wool and acts as insulation, while the canvas provides protection from the elements.

Can you build a yurt without a solid foundation?

Yes, it is possible to build a yurt without a solid foundation. Yurts are designed to be portable and can be set up on various surfaces, including dirt, gravel, or even concrete. However, it is important to ensure that the surface is level and stable to prevent the yurt from shifting or collapsing.

What is the typical cost range for constructing a yurt?

The cost of constructing a yurt can vary depending on the size, design, and materials used. On average, a basic yurt can cost anywhere from $5,000 to $15,000. However, more elaborate designs or larger sizes can cost upwards of $30,000.

Are there any yurt designs that allow for building on a budget of under $1,000?

While it may be challenging to build a yurt on a budget of under $1,000, there are some designs that can be more cost-effective. For example, a simple yurt made from PVC pipes and a tarp can be constructed for a few hundred dollars. However, these designs may not be as durable or long-lasting as traditional yurts.

What features are included inside a standard yurt?

A standard yurt typically includes a central stove or fireplace for heating, as well as windows or skylights for ventilation and natural light. Some yurts may also include a loft or mezzanine for additional living space.

Is there a purpose for the hole often found in the roof of a yurt?

Yes, the hole in the roof of a yurt is called a “toono” or “crown” and serves several purposes. It allows for ventilation and helps regulate temperature inside the yurt. It also provides a way to release smoke from the stove or fireplace, which is important for maintaining air quality inside the yurt. Additionally, the toono can be used for stargazing or as a decorative feature.