How Yurts Are Built: A Comprehensive Guide
Yurts are circular, tent-like structures that have been used as mobile homes by nomadic people for centuries. These traditional dwellings have been gaining popularity in recent years as a unique and sustainable housing option. Yurts are portable, easy to assemble, and can be customized to fit the needs of the owner.
The construction of a yurt typically begins with building a circular base, which serves as a foundation for the rest of the structure. The base can be made of various materials, including wood, concrete, or even compacted earth. The lattice wall is then erected around the perimeter of the base, forming the circular shape of the yurt. The lattice is made up of interlocking wooden pieces that create a sturdy framework for the rest of the structure.
Once the lattice is in place, the rafters are installed, forming the roof of the yurt. A compression ring is then added to the top of the rafters, which helps to distribute the weight of the roof evenly. The roof is typically covered with a waterproof membrane, such as canvas or vinyl, and insulation is added to keep the interior of the yurt warm in cold weather. The final step is to add the door and any additional windows or skylights.
Design and Materials
When it comes to building a yurt, the design and materials used play a crucial role in the overall structure’s stability and durability. The yurt’s unique circular shape, which is inspired by the traditional Mongolian “ger,” requires specific materials and components to ensure its stability and longevity.
Structural Components
The structural components of a yurt include a lattice wall, rafters, a roof compression ring, a crown, a door frame, and a wall tension cable. The lattice wall is made of wood or bamboo and serves as the yurt’s primary structural support. The rafters, which are also made of wood or bamboo, are attached to the top of the lattice wall and form the yurt’s dome shape. The roof compression ring sits on top of the rafters and helps to distribute the weight of the roof evenly. The crown is the center point of the yurt and is where the rafters meet. The door frame is made of wood and is placed in the lattice wall to create an entrance. The wall tension cable is used to reinforce the lattice wall and keep it in place.
Insulation and Covering
Insulation and covering are essential components of a yurt, as they help to regulate the temperature inside the structure and protect it from the elements. Traditional yurts were covered with felted wool, which provided excellent insulation and was durable enough to withstand harsh weather conditions. Modern yurts are typically covered with canvas, vinyl, or cotton, which are more affordable and easier to maintain than felted wool.
Air insulation is also crucial for maintaining a comfortable temperature inside the yurt. Some yurts have a space between the covering and the lattice wall, which creates an insulating air pocket. Others use additional layers of insulation, such as foam or fiberglass, to keep the yurt warm in the winter and cool in the summer.
In conclusion, building a yurt requires careful consideration of the design and materials used. The structural components, including the lattice wall, rafters, roof compression ring, crown, door frame, and wall tension cable, are essential for creating a stable and durable structure. Insulation and covering, such as felted wool, canvas, vinyl, or cotton, are crucial for regulating the temperature inside the yurt and protecting it from the elements. By choosing the right materials and components, one can build a yurt that is both functional and beautiful.
Building Process
Building a yurt can be a challenging but rewarding experience. It requires careful planning, preparation, and execution to ensure that the yurt is sturdy, level, and able to withstand the elements. The building process can be broken down into several steps, including setting the foundation, assembling the framework, applying insulation and outer layers, and installing doors and windows.
Setting the Foundation
The first step in building a yurt is to set the foundation. This involves creating a level surface on which the yurt can be erected. There are several options for creating a foundation, including using concrete footings, a platform, or simply leveling the earth. The choice will depend on the location and the intended use of the yurt.
Assembling the Framework
Once the foundation is in place, the next step is to assemble the framework. This involves erecting the lattice walls and roof poles, which form the basic structure of the yurt. The lattice walls are typically made from bamboo or other sturdy materials, and the roof poles are usually made from wood. The poles are then tied together with ropes to create a sturdy framework.
Applying Insulation and Outer Layers
After the framework is in place, the next step is to apply insulation and outer layers. This helps to keep the yurt warm in the winter and cool in the summer. The insulation can be made from wool or other materials, and the outer layers can be made from canvas or other waterproof materials. The layers are then tied to the framework with ropes to create a secure and weatherproof shelter.
Installing Doors and Windows
Finally, the last step is to install doors and windows. This helps to provide access to the yurt and allows for natural light and ventilation. The doors and windows can be made from a variety of materials, including wood, canvas, or other waterproof materials. A skylight or chimney can also be added to provide additional light and air.
Overall, building a yurt requires careful planning, preparation, and execution. Whether using a yurt kit or building from scratch, it is important to have the right tools and materials and to follow the proper steps for raising and taking down the yurt. With the right approach, a yurt can provide a sturdy and comfortable shelter for many years to come.
Frequently Asked Questions
What materials are needed for constructing a traditional yurt?
A traditional yurt is constructed using a combination of natural materials, such as wooden poles, wool felt, and canvas. The wooden poles form the lattice frame of the yurt, while the wool felt is used for insulation and the canvas for the outer covering. Additionally, ropes, metal brackets, and other hardware are used to secure and reinforce the structure.
Can you detail the steps involved in building a yurt from scratch?
Building a yurt from scratch is a complex process that involves several steps. The first step is to select a suitable location for the yurt and prepare the foundation. Next, the wooden poles are assembled into a lattice frame, which is then covered with wool felt and canvas. The outer covering is secured to the frame using ropes and other hardware. Finally, the yurt is finished with a door, windows, and other accessories.
What is the average lifespan of a yurt with proper maintenance?
With proper maintenance, a yurt can last for many years. The lifespan of a yurt depends on several factors, such as the quality of the materials used, the climate in which it is located, and the level of maintenance it receives. Generally, a well-maintained yurt can last for 10-20 years or more.
How do you create a stable and level platform for a yurt?
Creating a stable and level platform for a yurt is essential for ensuring its structural integrity and longevity. The platform should be constructed using durable materials, such as concrete or pressure-treated wood, and should be level and well-drained. Additionally, it should be designed to support the weight of the yurt and any additional furniture or equipment.
What are the structural differences between a Mongolian yurt and a modern yurt?
While both Mongolian and modern yurts share similar basic features, such as a circular shape and a lattice frame, there are some key structural differences between the two. Mongolian yurts typically have a wooden frame and are covered with felt or animal skins, while modern yurts often have a metal frame and are covered with synthetic materials. Additionally, modern yurts may incorporate features such as insulation, windows, and doors.
Is there a functional purpose for the hole found in the roof of many yurts?
Yes, the hole found in the roof of many yurts is known as a “toono” or “crown” and serves several functional purposes. It allows for ventilation, which helps to regulate the temperature and reduce condensation inside the yurt. Additionally, it provides a source of natural light and can be used for chimney ventilation if a stove is installed inside the yurt.
